Classifications of Operating System

1.) Batch Systems

It process jobs that are bundled together to an increase in efficiency. When a job is processed, the system transfers the entire control over to it. Once it is done, the control shifts to the next job, and so on. 

Example:

GM-NAA I/O

The GM-NAA I/O input/output system of General Motors and North American Aviation was the first operating system for the IBM 704 computer. It was created in 1956 by Robert L. Patrick of General Motors and Owen Mock of North American Aviation. It was based on a system monitor created in 1955 by programmers of General Motors for its IBM 701. The main function of GM-NAA I/O was to automatically execute a new program once the one that was being executed had finished (batch processing). It was formed of shared routines to the programs that provided common access to the input/output devices.

2.) Interactive Systems

In interactive systems, the user interacts directly with the operating system to supply commands and data as the application program executes and the user receives the results of processing immediately. The user is in direct two way communication with the computer. Most users have grown up using Macintosh or Windows computer operating systems, which are prime examples of graphical interactive systems.

Example:

Mac OS

 

It is the trademark-protected name for a series of graphical user interface-based operating systems developed by Apple Inc. New Mac OS X is highly interactive and very user friendly. Scroll non active windows only require you to put your mouse on the closed window and it can scroll it for you. It also allows you install updated printer drivers. PDF manipulation is another exciting feature of this operating system.

3.) Real-Time Systems 

A real time operating system will give guaranteed feedback within a predefined set period of time, therefore taking away the unpredictability of the operation being carried out. This allows for the system to be mathematically modelled to allow the time needed for operations to be carried out to be determined, even under the predicted maximum stress levels. It allows deadlines to be set on operations being carried so as to provide a "best of" result within the time period able to be given for an operation.

Example:

QNX

QNX is an example of a real-time operating system. As a microkernel-based OS, QNX is based on the idea of running most of the OS in the form of a number of small tasks, known as servers. This differs from the more traditional , in which the operating system is a single very large program composed of a huge number of "parts" with special abilities. In the case of QNX, the use of a micro-kernel allows users (developers) to turn off any functionality they do not require without having to change the OS itself; instead, those servers are simply not run.

4.) Hybrid Systems 

Hybrid system is a computer system that supports both batch and interactive processes.

Example:

BlackBerry OS 6 Hybrid

 A BlackBerry OS hybrid takes the best of the various OS builds and puts them into a single load. Sometimes an OS version will have a faster browser or menu navigation, and someone capable of building a hybrid OS can extract that app/file and run it on a different OS base. A hybrid OS will also tend to remove extra files that aren’t needed, allowing the device to run a little smoother. The hybrid OS world is something unique to BlackBerry, and it’s something that every BlackBerry user can enjoy getting in to. The average user tends to avoid hybrid builds because they’re not official and can sometimes lead to critical failures. You have to be comfortable enough loading a new OS on your device and restoring a nuked BlackBerry in order to really enjoy the process.

5.) Embedded Systems

Embedded systems are operating systems designed to operate on small machines, such as PDAs (personal digital assistants) or autonomous electronic devices (spatial probes, robot, on-board vehicle computer, etc.) with reduced autonomy. Thus an essential feature of embedded systems is their advanced energy management and ability to operate with limited resources.

Example:

Windows CE

 Windows CE is optimized for devices that have minimal storage—a Windows CE kernel may run in under a megabyte of memory. Devices are often configured without disk storage, and may be configured as a “closed” system that does not allow for end-user extension (for instance, it can be burned into ROM).